What kinds of material that we can use with a press machine?

A good die is very important to use a press machine. If the press machine die have any problem, it will cause a lot of trouble, lightly, it will cause economic losses, heavily, it will cause the people injury.So, choosing the right material used in the press machines to keep good quality for safe usage is very important.The Press machine is usually not exposed to a very high temperature. In this field, therefore, cold-work tool steels are primarily used in a press machine, supplemented by high-speed tool steels and sometimes hot-work tool steels. 

We will talk individual as follow:

Cold work tool steels for press machine

High-speed tool steels and hot work tool steels for press machine

1. Cold work tool steels for press machine

Cold work tool steels are unalloyed or alloyed steels with a surface temperature usually below 200°C when used. That the press machine normally worked with.

Hot tool steel is defined as alloy steel whose surface temperature usually exceeds 200°C when used. Due to its chemical composition, high-speed tool steel has the highest red hardness and resistance to backfiring and can be used at temperatures of about 600°C, the press machine don't use. For press machines, cold die steel is preferred. High-speed tool steel is mainly used in cutting tools and parts of forming tools that bear particularly high loads.

The development of required materials has resulted in a wide variety of cold-worked steels, some of which show only minor differences in alloy composition or properties. In the past, there have been numerous attempts to reduce this variety in order to improve cost-effectiveness. For the press machine, we don't really need that many kinds of steel.

Today, the importance of non-alloy cold work tool steel for press machines is limited. With the exception of iron, they contain almost only carbon, this element responsible for the formation of martensite and thus for its hardness. During quenching, these steels have a higher hardness in the periphery due to quenching but remain soft in the core. Therefore, they are said to be shell-hardened. The application is extended to areas requiring a combination of hard surfaces and soft nuclei.

2. High speed tool steels and hot work tool steels for press machine

High-speed tool steel has an abnormally balanced alloy composition and, in addition to carbon, high content of carbides forming chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, and tungsten. This composition means that the carbon content of the (soft-annealed) steel supplied is about 20%. The high carbide content contributes to the high wear resistance of the steel. The high wear resistance of the steel is also very important to press machine.

The carbides have high thermal stability, that some press machine needs. A lot of carbides need to be dissolved during austenitizing. The quenching of high-speed steel requires special attention. High chromium and molybdenum content may result in good hardening. The tempering curve of the steel shows that the secondary hardening has a significant maximum value between 520 and 560°C.

The hardening temperature can cause the level and temperature setting. At tempering temperatures above the maximum value of the second hardening, at least two tempering sessions shall be performed to the desired tempering hardness.

we can choose the right material as the die for the press machine.

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